You need a permit to renovate an apartment in NYC for most kitchen and bathroom renovations, any work that moves walls, gas lines or plumbing beyond narrow limits, and almost all electrical wiring. Painting, plastering, new cabinets, resurfacing floors and replacing plumbing fixtures in place do not need a Department of Buildings permit. Your co-op or condo board can still require approval, and sometimes a permit, for work the city does not.
The short answer by type of work
| Work | DOB permit? | Who does it or files |
|---|---|---|
| Painting, plastering | No | Licensed home improvement contractor |
| New cabinets, resurfacing floors | No | Licensed home improvement contractor (DCWP license) |
| Replacing a toilet, sink or faucet in the same spot | No permit; licensed master plumber records it | Licensed master plumber |
| Moving up to two fixtures within the same room, up to 10 feet | No permit; filed as ordinary plumbing work on form OP128 | Licensed master plumber |
| Replacing a gas range or dryer where the shutoff valve stays | No permit; filed as ordinary plumbing work | Licensed master plumber |
| New or rerouted gas piping | Yes | Licensed master plumber, often with an RA or PE |
| Most kitchen and bathroom renovations | Yes, Alteration filing | Registered architect (RA) or professional engineer (PE) |
| Adding a bathroom | Yes | RA or PE |
| Removing or moving a load bearing wall | Yes | RA or PE |
| New circuits, outlets, rewiring | Yes, electrical permit | DOB licensed electrical contractor |
| Changing use, egress or occupancy, combining apartments | Yes, Alteration-CO filing in most cases | RA or PE |
| Any DOB permit work in a landmark building | LPC permit first | RA or PE files with LPC |
The rest of this post explains each line and where the rule comes from.
What does not need a permit
DOB's own guidance lists minor alterations that are exempt from permits: painting, plastering, installing new cabinets, plumbing fixture replacement, resurfacing floors and nonstructural roof repair. The legal basis is the minor alterations and ordinary repairs section of the NYC Administrative Code, §28-105.4.2.
Two things to know about "no permit":
- The contractor still needs a license. DOB notes that contractors installing cabinets or resurfacing floors must hold a Home Improvement Contractor license from the Department of Consumer and Worker Protection.
- Your building still has rules. A board can require an alteration agreement for a cosmetic job. See our guide to the co-op alteration agreement in NYC.
Kitchens and bathrooms: usually an Alteration filing
DOB states it plainly: "Most kitchen and bathroom renovations require an ALT2 permit application, which must be filed by a PE or RA." Its examples include adding a bathroom, rerouting gas pipes while adding electrical outlets, and moving a load bearing wall.
How filings work in DOB NOW
Filings for this kind of work now go through DOB NOW: Build, the city's online system. The old job type names still appear in DOB guidance, but DOB NOW uses new ones:
- Alteration covers what used to be called ALT2 and ALT3: renovation work that does not change the building's use, egress or occupancy. This is where most apartment renovations land.
- Alteration-CO covers what used to be ALT1: work that changes the certificate of occupancy, such as changing the number of units. Combining two apartments often lands here, but it depends on the building and the scope.
- Limited Alteration Application (LAA) covers certain limited plumbing, sprinkler and standpipe work.
Your architect or engineer decides which filing fits your job. The answers given when the job is first created in DOB NOW set the job type, and DOB says it cannot be changed after the first save.
Plumbing: what changed in 2026
Plumbing work has its own category called ordinary plumbing work. A licensed master plumber can do it without a permit by recording it with DOB on form OP128. As of February 22, 2026, Local Law 142 of 2025 amended the rule (§28-105.4.4), and DOB published an industry notice on April 2, 2026 listing the current scope. The items that matter most in an apartment:
- Relocating up to two plumbing fixtures within the same room, to a maximum of 10 feet from the original location
- Repairing or replacing branch piping that is not gas or sprinkler piping, past the riser shutoff valve, including replacing fixtures
- Repairing or replacing piping that is not gas or sprinkler piping, up to 25 feet long, inside a building
- Installing or replacing a food waste disposer
- Replacing an appliance connector or the appliance itself for a gas range, oven, stove or clothes dryer, as long as the existing shutoff valve stays and is accessible and in good condition
The same notice lists limits. Each monthly report can cover up to 20 jobs, with no more than two bathrooms and one kitchen per building per monthly report. Gas, sprinkler and standpipe work cannot go on an ordinary plumbing report. DOB lists the OP128 fee as $130.
Anything beyond that, including new gas piping, moving fixtures to another room, or a full bathroom relocation, needs a plumbing permit. Gas work in NYC is done by a licensed master plumber. Check the current DOB notice before you rely on these limits, since this rule just changed.
Electrical: almost always a permit
DOB says an electrical permit is required for most electrical work, and the work must be done by an electrical contractor licensed by DOB. Electrical filings are submitted in DOB NOW: Build. The permit has to be posted at the job site, and the work is inspected before the job is signed off.
In a kitchen renovation, new appliance circuits, added outlets and moved lighting all count. Many co-ops and condos also ask for a load letter showing the apartment's electrical service can handle what you are adding, especially induction cooktops and new laundry. If the building has to upgrade the service, that is a building job and it will set your schedule. Our kitchen renovation clients usually hit this question first.
Landmark buildings and historic districts
If your building is an individual landmark or sits in a historic district, the Landmarks Preservation Commission gets involved. LPC says interior work needs an LPC permit when:
- the interior work requires a DOB permit
- the interior work affects the exterior, such as HVAC louvers and vents
- the work affects a designated interior landmark space
For a typical interior apartment renovation that changes nothing outside, the permit is usually a Certificate of No Effect, issued at staff level. LPC offers an expedited version for interior only work. LPC's expedited application form limits it to work above the second story or in the cellar, with no change to exterior walls, windows or the roof, and no dropped ceiling or partition closer than one foot from window sills or frames. Window replacement always needs an LPC permit, even when DOB does not require one.
Much of Manhattan, including large parts of the Upper East Side, the Upper West Side, SoHo, Tribeca and the West Village, sits in historic districts. Check your address on LPC's map before you schedule anything.
What happens if you skip the permit
DOB warns that unpermitted work can bring violations, and that a Class 1 violation can carry a $25,000 fine plus penalties and interest. The work then has to be legalized or removed, which means filing permits after the fact. In some cases owners end up in Criminal Court. Unpermitted work also tends to surface when you sell, because buyers' attorneys and boards look at DOB records.
Checklist before you start
- Write a scope: what moves, what stays, what gets replaced in place.
- Get your building's alteration agreement and house rules.
- Check LPC's map for your address.
- If anything moves beyond the limits above, hire an RA or PE to file.
- Confirm your plumber holds a NYC master plumber license and your electrician a DOB electrical license.
- Confirm your general contractor holds a DCWP home improvement license.
- Do not start work until the board approves and permits are issued and posted.
Our approach
We have worked in Manhattan for more than 25 years and are licensed and insured in New York and New Jersey. On a full apartment renovation, we coordinate the filings with your architect or engineer and licensed trades, and our pricing is fixed and locked in, so the final invoice matches the signed quote.
Talk to us
Tell us what you want to change and we will tell you which parts need a permit. Get your estimate or call (973) 723-4242.
Sources
- https://www.nyc.gov/site/buildings/property-or-business-owner/do-i-need-a-permit.page
- https://www.nyc.gov/site/buildings/property-or-business-owner/renovating-kitchens-bathrooms.page
- https://www.nyc.gov/assets/buildings/pdf/ordinaryplumbing-in.pdf
- https://www.nyc.gov/site/buildings/property-or-business-owner/dob-now-build.page
- https://www.nyc.gov/site/buildings/industry/new-building-buildfaqs.page
- https://www.nyc.gov/assets/buildings/pdf/pw3_fee_schedule_factsheet.pdf
- https://www.nyc.gov/site/buildings/property-or-business-owner/electrical-permit.page
- https://www.nyc.gov/site/buildings/property-or-business-owner/project-checklists-owner-electrical.page
- https://www.nyc.gov/site/lpc/applications/permit-types.page
- https://www.nyc.gov/assets/lpc/downloads/pdf/forms/EDITED_Application%20form_XCNE_with%20CB%20info_editable_.pdf